Characterization of psoriasis and its treatment: an biblio-graphic review

Abstract

This article aims to conduct an integrative literature review to identify the different presentations of psoriasis and the available therapies. Its pathology occurs in 1% to 3% of the world population, affecting about 1% of Brazilian population. The disease emerges due to multiple external factors, which activate innate immunological system. This pathology manifests itself as a cutaneous form in shapes of erythematous and scaly plaques and papules that varies in number and size, injuries may appear in any part of the body, and it occurs most commonly in elbows and knees. Psoriasis' most prevalent clinical form is dry reddish plaque-shaped with silvery or whitish scales. These plaques are itchy and sometimes painful, they can reach every part of the body, including genitals and inner part of mouth. In severe cases, the skin surrounding articulations may crack and bleed. Psoriasis can be treated in several ways, for example, administering topical or systemic medicine and ultraviolet radiation, used separately, or mixed with other therapeutics. Regarding the severity of the case and the existence or lack of comorbidity are key factors in determining the choice of treatment. Regarding the challenges in psoriasis treatment, the awareness of the immunopathogenesis of this pathology in the last years has been contributing to the development of alternative treatments. Nonetheless, the development of new more efficient and safer therapies to the management and treatment of psoriasis is still a necessity.